With the naked eye, we see various kinds of animals and plants. The many forms of this visible world captivate us. However, there are some tiny organisms that we cannot see unaided. Yet their impact on humans, other animals, and plants is extremely powerful. Although microorganisms have existed since the beginning of life on Earth, scientists have only discovered them about 200 years ago. Perhaps because it is difficult to search for the invisible amidst the visible, microorganisms remained unknown to us for so long. But today, we are familiar with these organisms. When we hear names like bacteria, viruses, microscopic fungi, protozoa, we immediately think of AIDS, tuberculosis, bird flu, and similar diseases. However, interestingly, most microorganisms are constantly working for our benefit. In this article, I will highlight some remarkable aspects of microorganisms.
Microorganisms present in the soil break down organic waste and help maintain environmental balance. At the same time, they maintain the balance of various chemical substances among soil, air, water, and living beings. Some microorganisms play an essential role in photosynthesis, which in turn is vital for supplying food and oxygen to the living world.
Microorganisms have even played a role in determining the outcome of the First World War. That may surprise you, but it’s true! Using acetone produced with the help of microbes, cordite (a kind of smokeless gunpowder) was made, which proved effective in the war.
After we eat, our food is digested and provides us with energy. This entire process is impossible without microorganisms! Microbes living in the intestines of humans and other animals help digest food. Vitamin B assists in metabolism and vitamin K helps with blood clotting, and both require microorganisms for their synthesis.
Similarly, in the food industry, microorganisms are used to make vinegar, pickles, wine, alcoholic beverages, soy sauce, cheese, yogurt, bread, and more. Microbes may even be involved in the production of your favorite pair of jeans.
(Based on the section ‘Microbes in our life’ from the book Microbiology: An Introduction by Tortora, Funke, Case)
*In future articles, I will discuss many more aspects of microorganisms.
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