For the first time, scientists have determined the precise shape of a single photon.

A new theory has for the first time determined the exact shape of a single photon, aiding in the explanation of quantum-level interactions between light and matter. Research from the University of Birmingham, published in Physical Review Letters, demonstrates how photons are emitted from atoms or molecules and are influenced by their surrounding environment.

This interaction between photons and their environment creates infinite possibilities, helping light to radiate and transfer in various ways. However, these infinite possibilities make modeling difficult. To address this issue, the researchers divided the interactions into a specific set. Through this, they explained how the emission and energy of photons radiate into distant regions.

Lead author Dr. Benjamin Yuen said, “Our calculations have shaped the problem in a way that makes it solvable. In addition, we have been able to create an image of a photon, something that has never been seen before in physics.” This model not only explains the interaction of light and matter, but also how energy disperses into far-off environments.

This research has opened the door to new possibilities in quantum physics and materials science. It can be applied to developing advanced nanophotonic technologies, secure communications, disease detection, and controlling chemical reactions.

Co-author Professor Angela Demetriou said, “The geometry and optical properties of the environment determine the shape, color, and existence probability of the photon.” Dr. Yuen added, “We are now able to better understand energy exchange between light and matter, and this new knowledge will support future technologies such as advanced sensors, photovoltaic cells, and quantum computing.”

This research has established a foundation for engineering light-matter interactions that will further expand the potential of future technologies.

Reference: https://phys.org/news/2024-11-theory-reveals-photon.html